Comparison of Risk vs. Return Metrics

What are Risk vs. Return Metrics?

Risk vs. Return Metrics are analytical tools used in finance to assess the relationship between the level of risk taken by an investment and the potential return generated from that investment.

M-squared vs. Ulcer Performance Index

	M-squared	Ulcer Performance Index
description	also known as the Modigliani risk-adjusted performance measure, is a method for evaluating the performance of a portfolio or investment strategy. It was developed by Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller, who were awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics for their work in this area.	risk-adjusted performance metric in investing that measures the return of an investment relative to the risk of drawdowns (price declines from a previous high). It emphasizes consistency and the avoidance of significant losses.
numerator	excess return (above the risk-free rate)	excess return (above the risk-free rate)
denominator		Ulcer index
formula
SPY range